A REVIEW ON THE APPLICATION OF REMOTE SENSING AND GIS IN WATER QUALITY MONITORING AND MANAGEMENT

Abstract

The monitoring and management of freshwater quality have become critical challenges in the face of rapid urbanization, climate change, and increasing anthropogenic pressures. Conventional water quality monitoring methods, although accurate, are limited by their spatial and temporal constraints. Recent advancements in geospatial technologies, specifically Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) offer robust, scalable, and cost-effective alternatives for water quality assessment. This review paper explores the integration of RS and GIS in the analysis and management of surface water quality by systematically examining over a decade of global research. The study synthesizes methodological frameworks, types of water quality parameters monitored, remote sensing platforms utilized, and GIS-based analytical models. It emphasizes the global relevance of such technologies, highlights common trends, and identifies research gaps. The review also evaluates the effectiveness of predictive modeling approaches and spatial-temporal assessments employed in diverse ecological and geographical settings. Findings underscore the transformative potential of RS and GIS in supporting sustainable water resource management and offer strategic insights for future research and policy development.

Keywords: Water Quality, Computation.